This article discusses the basic anatomy and physiology of the breast. The breast regresses after lactation to a much less differentiated state through the process of involution, which occurs following each cycle of pregnancy, parturition, and lactation. The milk exits the ducts from the breast at the nipple. Understanding the different parts and functions will help you better grasp the details of breast cancer. In the adult woman, the breast is made up of glandular tissue, connective tissue. The lymphatic vessels in the breast drain to the lymph nodes in the underarm area axilla and behind the breast bone sternum.
Examining breast cancer growth and lifestyle risk factors. The lobes, lobules, and bulbs are all linked by thin tubes called ducts. The breast is located on the anterior thoracic wall. Anatomy of the breast yapa wijeratne faculty of medicine university of peradeniya 2. This quadrant is more often implicated in breast cancer and in most benign lesions of breast tissue. Breasts may be hemispherical, conical, variably pendulous, piriform or thin and flattened. The breast ducts transport milk from the lobules out to the nipple. Estrogen elongates the ducts and causes them to create side branches. Female breast anatomy previous next 1 of 6 female breast anatomy the structure of the female breast is complex including fat, glandular and connective tissue, as well as lobes, lobules, ducts, lymph nodes, blood vessels and ligaments. Consistent knowledge of the anatomy of the nac allows surgeons to perform better surgical procedures decreasing the sensation of mutilation without decreasing the chance of cure. At full development, the nippleareolar complex overlies the. Normal breast 6 histology of normal breast some but not all luminal cells express er. Breast multiple choice questions and answers pdf free download objective type interview questions for medical students very important questions answers.
Breast anatomy the breast is an endocrine gland placed on the front of the chest, consisting of glandular acini, also called alveoli, coated by cells that have the property of securing milk under. Breast multiple choice questions and answers pdf free download objective type interview questions for medical students very important questions answers skip. Overview of the breast breast pathology johns hopkins. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Breast maturation during puberty, the breast mound increases in size. Where breastcancer starts breast cancers can start from different parts of thebreast.
Breast anatomy the breast is an endocrine gland placed on the front of the chest, consisting of glandular acini, also called alveoli, coated by cells that have the property of securing milk under the influence of hormones such as prolactin. The prime function of the female breast is lactation. Breast shape breast shape and size depend upon genetic, racial and dietary factors, and the age, parity and menopausal status of the individual. The breast is an organ whose structure reflects its special function. Blood vessels and lymphatic vessels a system of vessels that drains fluid are located throughout the breast. Netter atlas of human anatomy pdf all medical pdfs. At its superolateral extremity, the breast tissue projects as a tongue into the axilla along the lower border of the pectoralis majordthe axillary tail of spence. Breast development and function depend on hormones produced by the ovaries, namely estrogen and progesterone. Surgery oxford volume 31, issue 1, january 20, pages 1114.
The main bulk of the breast tissue is usually localized to its upper outer quadrant. The areola shows small punctual elevations on its surface, which are produced by the many areolar glands. These end in dozens of tiny bulbs that can produce milk. Female breast anatomy, blood supply and mammary glands. This breast anatomy app is for studying the anatomy of female breast with the help of realistic 3d models you can also rotate the breast and can have a full. History of the anatomy several important remarks on the nac anatomy were made by sir astley cooper 1840. Jul 16, 2019 this article looks at the early warning signs of breast cancer, who might be at risk, and what people should do if they spot one or more of these warning signs. This breast anatomy app is for studying the anatomy of female breast with the help of realistic 3d models you can also rotate.
Lying in a superficial layer of our skin above our chest muscles, the mammary glands in our breast drain via many ducts to our nipples. Apr 21, 2017 human anatomy is the subject of structures of human body and their relations etc. Each breast has 15 to 20 sections, or lobes, that surround the nipple. This illustration shows the makeup of breast anatomy both inside and outside. Anatomy and physiology of the breast breast cancer. The breast develops within the superficial fascia of the anterior chest wall. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Of the structure of the constituent parts of the breasts, sir astley paston cooper, bart pdf.
True breast development thelarche begins in females at puberty around the age of 10 years under the influence of oestrogen and progesterone. Identify all indicated structures or portions of structures on the diagrammatic view of the male reproductive system below. Therefore the best atlas for human anatomy that is always recommended is netter atlas of human anatomy. On the anatomy of the breast explanation of the plates of the comparative anatomy of the mammary gland title page, sir astley paston cooper, bart. The breast is an apocrine gland seen in both males and females. Fat accounts for its smooth contour and most of its bulk. To understand human anatomy, a student of mbbs or other medical field would need an atlas. Anatomy of the breast memorial sloan kettering cancer center. Apr 15, 2020 the lobules in the breast are the glands that can produce milk in females when they receive the appropriate hormonal stimulation.
Chapter 1 anatomy of the breast mammary gland glandula mammaria s. Request pdf anatomy and physiology of the breast the mammary gland is classified as a branched tubuloalveolar structure with hormoneresponsive lobules surrounded by a loose connective tissue. By the 9th week of fetal life, it regresses goes back to the chest area, leaving two breast buds on the upper half of the chest. Progesterone increases the number and size of the lobules in order to prepare the breast for nourishing a baby.
Breast milk provides ideal nutrition and passive immunity for the infant, encourages mild uterine contractions to return the uterus to its prepregnancy size i. We tried to include the most accurate 3d realistic models of female breast. The adult breast has nearly 1418 lactiferous lobes which drain into lactiferous ducts which further converge to drain at the. For example, the glandular tissue is depicted as 1520 lobes radiating out from the nipple, whereas cooper stated that he observed up to 22. Breast anatomy in 3d female breasts are the most important body parts of the female body. Additionally the female breast is a prominent secondary sexual feature. Mar, 2015 development of the current practice depends on a solid knowledge. Because without an atlas it is quite difficult to understand anatomy. Female breast anatomy, blood supply and mammary glands kenhub. Inside these lobes are smaller sections, called lobules. Here is a list of the external and internal structures that make up the anatomy of the female breast. It extends horizontally from the lateral border of the sternum to the midaxillary line.
Choose from 500 different sets of breast anatomy flashcards on quizlet. After ovulation, progesterone makes the breast cells. May 09, 2019 breast anatomy in 3d female breasts are the most important body parts of the female body. When performing ultrasound scans on the lactating breast, dr donna geddes from the university of western australia began to question the anatomical diagrams that appeared in textbooks. Modified sweat gland modified apocrine gland made up of 1520 lobules of glandular tissue embedded in fat. The lobules in the breast are the glands that can produce milk in females when they receive the appropriate hormonal stimulation. The goal of this activity is to enable primary care providers to better understand the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the breast. Gross anatomy composition the breast has an inhomogeneous structure which is predominantly composed. Pdf on the anatomy of the breast of the mammary gland in the male, sir astley paston cooper, bart. Breast mammary gland modified sweat gland accessory organ of reproductive system well developed after puberty in female provides milk to the newborn situation superficial auxiliary tail of spence in axilla. Over the last 160 years some of the anatomy knowledge acquired has changed since coopers original work. On the anatomy of the breast of the internal parts of the breast, or mammary gland, sir astley paston cooper, bart. Breast tissue is located on top of the muscles of the chest wall.
The weight of the gland varies in girls in the limits of 150. The nipple is in the center of a dark area of skin called the areola. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. In addition, there are also suspensory coopers ligaments and connective tissue such as collagen and elastin. However, in females it has a specific function which is the production of milk. Vertically, it spans between the 2nd and 6th intercostal cartilages. Learn breast anatomy with free interactive flashcards. These lobules are separated by fibrous septa running from the subcutaneous. Lactation is the process by which milk is synthesized and secreted from the mammary glands of the postpartum female breast in response to an infant sucking at the nipple. Breast tissue initially develops along the lines of the armpits and extends to the groin this is called the milk ridge. Eventually, the areola subsides to the level of the surrounding breast tissue, leaving a single breast mound 1.
Prior to puberty, both in men and women, the breast consists only of a few ducts within a connective tissue stroma. Breast tissue extends from the collarbone, to lower ribs, sternum breastbone and armpit. It is important for women to understand the normal anatomy and function of their breasts so that any abnormalities can be detected and treated. The breast is a highly complex part of the human body. Although the size and the shape of the breasts can vary tremendously from woman to woman, all breasts are made up of the same parts. Aug 11, 2017 initial breast develoment human breast tissue begins to develop in the 6th week of fetal life. The nipple anatomy is adjusted to support the function of the breast. The epithelial component of the tissue consists of lobules, where milk is made, which connect to ducts that lead out to the nipple. Ruder eh, dorgan jf, kranz s, krisetherton pm, hartman tj. Introduction to the breast breasts mammary glands modified sweat glands. Webmd discusses the anatomy of the breast including function, a diagram of the breast, conditions that affect the breasts, and much more. The breast has an inhomogeneous structure which is predominantly composed of adipose tissue and glandular tissue.
Apr 29, 2020 the nipple anatomy is adjusted to support the function of the breast. Most women arent really sure, but if you want to understand breast cancer prevention, risk, or diagnosis, its important to know the kinds of tissue and structures breasts are made of. There are so many details that need to be explored and to know about. Anatomy and physiology of the breast sciencedirect. Each individual handson training case is accompanied by image windowspecific expert instruction and probepositioning guidance. On the anatomy of the breast on the anatomy of the. The standard model of the breast was based on anatomical dissections carried out on cadavers by sir astley cooper in 1840. It goes through many changes over a lifetime from birth, puberty, pregnancy and breastfeeding, right through to menopause. Human anatomy is the subject of structures of human body and their relations etc.
Anatomy of the breast mammary gland glandula mammaria s. As you learn about breast cancer, we will repeatedly reference the anatomy of the breast. Anatomy and physiology of the breast newport hospital ri. They are surrounded by a pigmented circular region of skin called the areola, which becomes even more pigmented and prominent during puberty. The following account of breast physiology pertains exclusively to the female breast. Most breast cancers begin in the ducts that carry milk to the nipple ductalcancers some start in the glands that make breast milk lobular cancers thereare also other types of breast cancer that are less common like phyllodes tumor and angiosarcoma. Each lobe has many smaller structures called lobules. It lies superficially to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. Glandular lobules drained by 1520 lactiferous ducts. Applied anatomy carcinomapuckering of skinpeau d orangebilateral spreaddropping into the pelvis abcess radial incision. It mostly occurs at the base on the large breast muscle m.
Surrounding the nipple is the areola, an area of darker skin that becomes both larger and darker during pregnancy. Following reduction of estrogen and progesterone at menopause, the breast involutes, reverting to a near prepubertal structure. Any breast lump or change needs to be checked by a health care professional to determine if it is benign or malignant cancer and if it might affect your future cancer risk. Recommended citation cooper, sir astley paston, bart.